ANTHROPONYM WITH BASE A ZHYD- IN THE SLAVIC LANGUAGE AREA: AREA, STRUCTURE, ETYMOLOGY

Sviatoslav VERBYCH,
Doctor of Philology, Senior Researcher in the Department of History of the Ukrainian Language and Onomastics,
Institute of Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine;
4 Mykhaіlo Hrushevskyi St., Kyiv, 01001, Ukraine;
е-mail: sviatoverb@ukr.net
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-1898

Heading: FROM THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Language: Ukrainian

Abstract
The article is devoted to the structural-semantic study of proper personal names with the basе а zhyd-, noted in various Slavic names. The author described anthroponyms with the basе а zhyd-, which are associated with the ethnonym zhyd ʽjewʼ, common in all Slavic languages. Part of proper personal names with this stem has a different meaning. It is connected with the verb root zhyd- ‹ zydaty ‘to waitʼ or the infinitive adjective zhyd ‹ psl. *židъ(jь) ‘liquidʼ. The criteria for distinguishing anthroponyms with the basе а zhyd-, which are derived from an ethnonym, and homonymous proper personal names with a different motivation of the creative basis were defined. The article differentiates such homonymous anthroponyms on the basis of a systematic linguistic analysis of all components of Slavic proper names with this basis. Different semantic types of Slavic anthroponyms with the basе а zhyd- are distinguished: 1) motivated by the ethnonym zhyd; 2) connected with the verb zydaty ‹ zdaty or with the adjective zyd(yj) ‹ psl. *židъjь ‛liquidʼ; 3) motivated by semes of a domestic and zoomorphic nature (proper nicknames). From these facts, one may conclude that it is inappropriate to unambiguously interpret Slavic anthroponyms with the base а zhyd- as derivatives of ethnonyms. It should be stressed that at least part of such names undoubtedly arose on local Slavic soil and have a different motivation. Linguistic analysis of Slavic anthroponyms with the basе а zhyd- at the diachronic level confirmed: 1) in the Slavic language space, such proper personal names, according to written sources, were noted already in the 12th century; 2) the structural-semantic and etymological characteristics of the corresponding anthroponyms gave the possibility to qualify them within semantic groups: a) names with with the basе zhyd- ‹ zydaty ‘to waitʼ; b) names with the ethnonymic motivation of the base zhyd ‘jewʼ; c) names, the base of which goes back to the indeterminate adjective zhyd ‹ psl. *židъ(jь) ‘liquidʼ; 3) some local surnames developed on the basis of nicknames may have a different pre-onym semantics; 4) anthroponyms with the basе а zhyd-, regardless of the motivation of their internal form, are widespread in various Slavic languages already in the early historical period and constitute a significant share of local proper names.
Key words: anthroponym, two-base names, ethnonym zhyd, nicknames, surnames, Slavic anthroponymicon.

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